Kerrang!

Ownership:

Kerrang! was sold by Bauer Media Group to Wasted Talent.
They now own the Kerrang! website and the K! website.

It started in 1981 where they published a one off magazine. It then launched monthly and soon became fortnightly and weekly in 1987. It was originally owned by United Newspapers.
In 1991 it was sold to EMAP
In 2008 it was sold to Bauer Media Group
In 2017 it was sold to Wasted Talent

They want to change Kerrang! from a weekly magazine to a monthly magazine as there isn't enough scope or quality.

Bauer Media Group retained ownership of Kerrang! Radio while Box plus Network owns Kerrang! TV.


Advertising:


Diversification:

This is how a product changes itself across different media platforms.
For example, having Kerrang! Magazine, Radio, TV, Youtube.
Bauer is a conglomerate who owns Karrang! radio, Mojo magazine, Kiss, Magic etc



Explain how online technologies can be used to enhance traditional advertising methods. You must use real media products/examples to support each of your answers.

Social media is a big factor that enhances traditional adverting methods. Through the use of below the line adverting, Kerrang! were able to find prosumers to interact with their products. They used Facebook advertising that targeted specific potential customers that may be interested which helped them generate new consumers.

Kerrang! created an app which is a great form of an online technology accessible to the public. The purpose of doing this is to make it easier for the consumer to be able to view their magazine articles or listen to their radio. They use this advanced technology to target younger people who are able to download the app and read/listen to their content.

Their Youtube channel is also another key digital platform where Kerrang! are able to market and advertise their products. This could be done by promoting their magazine or radio stations, or showing some of the interesting stories related to their genre of rock music.

Masthead - The masthead is located at the top of the front cover. It is quite loud, bold and distressed which emphases the rock genre of the magazine.  It is a sens serif font which displays informality. It is a white eroded colour which is powerful and stands out.

Colour scheme - There is a black, white and purple colour scheme which relates to the rock genre. Rock is very black and white however purple is quite a deep and strong colour which reflects the heavy nature of the genre.

Cover lines - The cover lines include other artists which relates directly to the genre as they are rock artists. They are texted in many different colours to make them stand out and illustrates the artists individuality. 

Barcode - The barcode is in the bottom right hand corner of the magazine. It displays the logo of Kerrang! and includes the website and price for the customer to see exactly what it will cost them.

Strapline - There is a strapline at the bottom of the magazine which also mentions many other rock artists that the reader would be able read about in the magazine if they were to purchase it.

Skyline - There is a skyline at the very top of the magazine which shows that the magazine covers a review of a band. 

Puff - There is a puff situated in the top left corner of the magazine in a bright yellow to catch the attention of people walking past the magazines. It tells the reader that there are six posters in the magazine which is an incentive for them to buy this magazine over any other.

Main image - The main image is a picture of a band of five with one main artist in the middle.

Main feature article - The main feature article is underneath the big bold text of the bands name. It includes a statement about them to make them seem interesting to read about.

Film Audiences

Frozen

Box office:

Budget: $150,000,000 (estimated)

Opening weekend USA: $243,390,000 - 24th November 2013

Gross USA: $400,738,009

Cumulative Worldwide Gross: $1,276,480,335

Why do Disney films tend to appeal to adults and children alike?

Many adults go to these movies just to take their children however Disney use quite a lot of adult content in their movies so they are just as intrigued as the younger audience.

In addition, due to the characters, it is interesting to any audience. Younger kids love seeing funny and cool characters while the adults enjoy both the story line of the movies due to the emotional connection, and because of the nostalgia of movies they used to watch its more intriguing.

Children talk to their toys at home and the reality of the funny characters come to life is incredible to see for them.

This source tells us that nearly double the number of men went to rate the film. This suggests more men went to see the movie, however this is quite misleading because it could just mean more men went on to vote. It is limited as it doesn't say the number of males and females who actually went to watch the movie.

In addition, 18-29 year olds rated it the best, and under 18's rated the movie the worst. The most votes out of any age range came from these ages therefore we can conclude it was both most watched and most popular from this age range.

81% of people who went to see the movie were family members.

Almost 20% of people were not families which is around $18 million ticket sales.

Animated and young adult films offer a simple, pure form of escapism. 

Street Dance 3D

Box office:

Budget: £3,500,000 (estimated)

Opening weekend: £2,493,948 (UK) - 23 may 2010

This source shows us that again more males votes than females. It was a similar number of votes up until the age ranges of 30+ and then thats when more males voted. 

Furthermore, the females rated the movie more highly than the males in all age ranges which suggests it appeals far more to females than males.

It got an overall vote of 6.0 and a top 1000 vote of 4.9 which is a very average score.

World's end

Box office: 

Budget: $20,000,000 (estimated)

Opening weekend USA: $8,790,851 - 25th August 2013

Gross USA: $26,004,851

Cumulative Worldwide Gross: $46,089,287

This source shows an even larger difference between the number of males and females that voted on the rating of the film. This could demonstrate a correlation that males generally vote more than females even if more males don't actually watch the movie.

BBFC

Classifications: 

Frozen (PG)

Street Dance 3D (PG)

World's End (15)

Uses and gratifications theory:

An audience wants to:

1. Be informed or educated
2. Identify with characters of the situation in the media environment
3. Simple entertainment
4. Enhance social interaction
5. Escape from the stresses of daily life

Frozen is a mainstream movie as it targets both older and younger generations, as well as any gender. The main audience of Frozen and most Disney movies are younger children from the ages of around 5-12. This is due to the animated cartoony nature of the film. However, due to the emotional connection and the interacting storyline it also targets older men and women up to any age. 

People from the ages of around 18 - any age is their secondary audience as it does interest them but they are not the primary target when producing the film.

The main use and gratification of the movie is for entertainment purposes. This is due to the fun, interesting and interactive nature of the film which intrigues all children to watch it for fun. However, there is also an element of educational purpose in the film, as it is teaching and informing young children how to do things as well as speak properly. There could be a factor of escapism for the adults who watch the movie as it is set in an imaginary world and is animated to be a surreal movie. This is because there are characters such as a living snowman which could bring people into a completely made up world, escaping from the reality of the world they live in.

The World's End is more of a niche movie because it targets only one gender specifically and a more narrow age range too. The main audience of the film would be teenage boys from the age of 15 up to men aged around 25. This is because it is a reasonably violet film which includes many teenage boys therefore it would interest them the most. There is a broader appeal of both older men, a vast number of women and people that have followed previous movies. Only a small number of these groups watch the movie, however that us the secondary target audience.

The main use and gratification of this movie is definitely for simple entertainment. This is due to the fighting and intense clips which intrigue and interest the consumer who finds this extremely entertaining and fun to watch. In addition, it is arguably for escapism purposes too because when the fighting happens the teenagers bleed blue blood it suggests an alternate universe of robotic people.

Street Dance 3D Advertising and Marketing

Street Dance 3D Advertising and Marketing

Budget: £4.5 million

UK gross: £1.8 million in the opening weekend and then to 2.4 million once preview screenings were taken into account. 

The movie was sold in over 30 countries, however it was most popular in the UK because it was based on UK dance.

Traditional advertisement:

This is a bus poster which was created and used in France to promote Street Dance 3D.

Other billboards and posters were used to heavily promote the film to people all over countries around Europe.

A trailer/teaser was also released to show people more of an insight into the film. 

Street Dance do not have their own website however there are 'related links' about it on BBC. They include all the relevant information about the film which would serve the same purpose as a website would anyway.

Film analysis

Key terms

Verisimilitude

How real the world of the story appears to the audience - it is believable, for example.

Diegesis/Diegetic world

The world in which the film takes place.

Juxtaposition

Placing one object next to another to create meaning.

Narrative story

Theories that categories narratives and find features to common to them.

Levi-Strauss Binary Opposition

Narrative tension is based on opposition or conflict. This can be as simple as two characters fighting, but more often functions at an ideological level.

Example of binary opposition - good vs evil, black vs white, girl vs boy

8 character types:

• The Villain
• The helper
• The Princess or prize
• His father
• The donor
• The hero
• The false hero
• The dispatcher

The male gaze theory - Media is made by white male heterosexual middle class men

Todorov's Equilibrium Theory

1) equilibrium

2) Disruption of equilibrium by an event

3) A realisation of equilibrium that the disruption has happened

4) An attempt to repair the damage or disruption

5) A restoration of equilibrium


Action and Enigma code -Roland Barthes

Action codes - What will happen next... she falls over - will he catch her? She's been caught - what will he do with her?

Enigma codes - The audience questions why... Why is there a shoe on the floors?

Working Title Research

Working Title


Who are working title?

Formed in 1984, Working Title is a television production company that has more than 100 films that have grossed over $7.5 billion worldwide. They have won a number of huge rewards for working on worldwide popular films. 

They have worked with many companies in creating movies such as Channel 4, 20th Century Fox and Warner Bros. These a massive organisations which give Working Title the reputation of having worked on successful films and programmes. 

In the 200s, they worked with BBC Films on Billy Elliot which proved to be very successful.
Then, further down the line in 2011, they worked with Universal Pictures one Johnny English Reborn.
However, most recently they worked with Universal Pictures on the new Johnny English Striker Again.

The major films that they have worked on recently include: Johnny English, King of Thieves, and Darkest Hour. 

One of Working Titles most popular and successful films recently is Darkest Hour.
Here are the results:

Opening weekend revenue: $175,006
Domestic Box Office revenue: $56,433,120
Worldwide Box Office: $150,335,828

Film production and co-production

The big 6:

- Warner
- 20th Century Fox
- Paramount
- Universal
- Sony
- Disney


Video-on-demand:

Nowadays, companies can also exhibit their films via online video-on-demand (VoD) services such as Netflix and Youtube.
Disney owns the Disney Channel (TV) but also Disney Life, a VoD allowing it to compete with the likes of Netflix.


Joint Ventures:

Not all films have this luxury, though, so independent companies (i.e. those free from the control of a conglomerate) may undertake a joint venture - this is when one media company works for another on a project mutually beneficial for both parties.

Both 'Street Dance 3D' and 'The Worlds End' are examples of joint venture projects.

Legal and Ethical issues

Hypodermic Needle Theory

• Theorises that audiences are essentially passive, and will readily absorb messages relayed to them by the media
• This means that after watching a violent horror film, or playing a POV shooter, audience members will be negatively influenced
• This presupposes that audiences are passive active (they make sense of the media message through personal and social contexts)

Moral Panic and Folk Devils

• In 1992, Stanley Cohen developed a moral panic theory, this encompassed ideas of folk devils in society

Moral Panic:

• When 'a condition, episode, person or group of persons emerges to become defined as a threat to societal values and interests'
• His research was based on the mods and rockers in the 1960s, but have since been applied to the media

The stages of moral panic:

1. Someone, something or a group are defined as a threat to social norms or community interests
2. The threat is then depicted in a simple and recognisable symbol/form by the media
3. The portrayal of this symbol rouses public concern
4. There is a response from authorities and policy makers
5. The moral panic over the issue results in social changes within the community